This is based on a message to a new beekeeper, May 2016.
Here's what you'll need (or might want), using the Propolis Etc
catalog for details.
========== BASIC HIVE =============
- outer cover [REQUIRED]
Here you have three choices of cover type, and a choice of finishes.
I recommend the waxed finish, for durability. The telescoping cover
(e.g. TC-1120) is the most common one. TC-1220 is the same but
insulated; that's the one I'd recommend. There's also a decorative
"garden hive top" (TG-1620) which is very cute, but probably a bit
less practical.
- inner cover [REQUIRED]
Get the one with the hole in it - handy for ventilation and when you
need to feed. IC-1100.
- 2 hive bodies [REQUIRED]
Use the deep ones (9-5/8") because that's the size frame you'll be
getting from me. Actually, some people use shallower bodies (and
matching frames) for the honey supers, but if you have just one or
two hives, you'll probably prefer to be able to interchange frames
freely between the brood nest and the honey supers, so you'll use
the deep size everywhere. The only disadvantage is that when it's
full, that size box is quite heavy (up to 90 lbs approx).
Syl and I buy HS-1100 (non-assembled) because we decorate them
using a torch, then assemble and treat them, but if you don't intend
to be fancy, you'll probably find it most expedient to get HS-1350
(assembled waxed) - the extra few dollars for the wax treatment will
significantly extend the life of the woodenware.
Note: you can also get polystyrene (instead of wood) hive equipment;
I have absolutely no experience with it, but it's too darned ugly
for use in my garden!
- frame rests
If your hive body doesn't already have them, I strongly recommend
them: they seem to reduce the stickyness and make it easier to
scrape off propolis without wrecking the box. I use the "L" type
(FR-1100).
- 20 frames with foundation [REQUIRED]
You'll need the 9-1/8" size to fit the deep hive bodies. Here you
have a plethora of choices: wood frame with wax foundation (probably
nicest for the bees, but I suspect a pain to maintain and set up;
even with the wire reinforcement, I'm not sure how robust they are
when placed in a honey extractor / centrifuge), wood with plastic
foundation (most of what I have is this type, and it's the type
supplied by Alvéole), and plastic with plastic foundation (I'm going
to start switching to these - they seem easier to handle and less
"sticky" than wood frames). When using plastic foundation, you have
a choice of black, white, or beige, and waxed or not. I've been
using black waxed: black because it's easier to see eggs on a black
background, and waxed because I read that bees don't like plastic
and will build comb more readily when there's already a layer of wax
present.
I'm assuming that you'll give me a new frame for every frame of
brood or food that I give you, so for my sake, please get at least
one set (10) of PL-1200, and pick whatever you like for the other
set.
- bottom board [REQUIRED]
Another IPM technique is to use a screened bottom board (as opposed
to a solid one), and the MAPAQ's recommended method for monitoring
varroa mites is the sticky board technique, so you'll want your
bottom board to have a "drawer" to take the sticky board when you
use it. There are two models: SD-1500, where the drawer opens
toward the front of the hive, and SA-1600 "Apinovar", whose drawer
opens to the side. I prefer a side opening because I can use the
drawer without getting into the bees' flight path, but take into
account the type of hive stand you use - some might not permit side
access.
- hive stand
All sorts of fancy stuff is available, though I'm quite satisfied
with a few bricks. You need to keep the hive a bit off the ground
for the sake of ventilation, and if there are skunks in the area,
you might want to lift the hive high enough to force the skunk to
expose its underbelly when it tries to feed off guard bees at the
entrance to the hive. I handle skunks with "cat scat" (spiky mats)
that I get from Lee Valley. Do as you wish for the hive stand.
- entrance reducer [REQUIRED]
This is used to close the entrance while moving the hive, and also
to reduce the size of the opening while the colony is small and not
able to defend a larger entrance. (ER-1100)
- bees
I'll supply those. :-)
- queen bee
If you take the early split (this week I hope), you'll need to
either get a queen (I'm pretty sure that Propolis Etc will have
California queens available now), or let the bees raise their own.
the advantage of a purchased queen is that the genetics are more
reliable, and of course, there isn't a month-long interruption in
brood production. On the other hand, the brood interruption can
have a beneficial effect in lowering mite counts. If there are
other beehives in your vicinity, getting the queen well mated might
not pose a problem. On the other hand, you might want to be fairly
sure that the bees in your vicinity are Italians, because
cross-variety matings can often produce "hot" (highly defensive)
bees.
If you take my second split (mid- to late June), I'll probably
give you my queen, and re-queen my own hive with a young Quebec
queen. The Quebec queens will be available in about a month.
My queen is two years old, and some authorities suggest re-queening
annually or at least every second year; others just let the hive
supersede the queen when they judge that their queen is no longer
performing. Because I live in the suburbs, I can't risk having the
hive swarm because of a weak queen; if you keep your hive in the
country, or at any rate away from people who might freak out and
complain, that might not be an issue for you.
Anyway, my bees are Italians, so unless you'd prefer to work with a
different strain, if you get a queen, get an Italian one.
- queen excluder
This is quite optional, but it makes it easy to keep the brood nest
confined to the bottom box(es), and know that the top boxes contain
just honey. I bought a nice wooden queen excluder (QE-1100 or
QE-LG20, can't remember), but that introduces a bit of extra space,
and the bees tend to make burr comb there, which is really annoying.
I'd recommend using a plain plastic one (QE-1400).
- MAPAQ registration
Once you own a hive, you must register as a beekeeper with MAPAQ;
their web site has the form, and the fee is under $20.
========== BASIC TOOLS ============
- smoker [REQUIRED]
You'll need a smoker to work with the bees while minimizing the risk
of stings. I have the SM1100, and it works fine. My neighbour
bought the LG-4000, and seems to prefer it. Either is fine.
- smoker fuel [REQUIRED]
Lots of choices here; Alvéole uses burlap, so mostly that's what we
use as well (BT-1200).
- hive tool [REQUIRED]
The standard HT-1000 works fine for us - we have four of them.
I'd recommend having two, so there's always one at ready hand.
Other models are available; pick whatever seems comfortable to you.
- box lifter
You may or may not need this. If you're very strong, you might
consider it overkill, but for me, the biggest advantage is that it
allows two people to lift a box together. When trying to put a full
fourth box back on, let me tell you, this expensive little doohicky
more than earns its keep. I'm very impressed at how well this tool
works. (FH-5000).
- veil
I used to work without a veil (and the Alvéole guys never wear one),
but two stings to the face have convinced me otherwise. However,
I didn't fork over big bucks for an industrial quality veil; I just
bought a ten-pack of cheap veils from China, that fit over a
wide-brimmed hat. I'll be happy to give you a veil or two; just
remind me. Syl wanted something a bit more protective, so I got him
this cheap bee jacket:
https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/B00NJOWK3O/ref=oh_aui_detailpage_o06_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1
He seems to like it so far.
- gloves
I don't use gloves - I want to feel what I'm doing to minimize the
chances that I'll crush any bees. And it keeps me "honest" - that
is, respectful towards the bees. :-) If you'd like to use gloves,
you're on your own to choose them. The same goes for any other
protective equipment.
========== VARROA TREATMENT =======
- drone frames
One of the many IPM (Integrated Pest Management) techniques for
keeping the varroa mite under control is to sacrifice drone brood,
because the mites reproduce preferentially in drone cells. If you
want to use this practice (as I do), you'll need at least one and
preferably two drone comb frames (PL-1900).
- sticky boards
It is *strongly* recommended that you test for varroa at appropriate
intervals. I'd suggest equipping yourself with five sticky boards
for now. The Alvéole guys do their mite count on just the plain
white (non-sticky) drawer (the sticky boards are expensive and can
be used only once), but the "sticky" part is supposed to trap mites
so they can't climb back into the hive, and the grid on the board
makes it easier to keep track of what you've counted. You don't
need the special screen when you have a screened bottom board
already. (SB-1150)
- treatment rim and medication for varroa
If you need to treat for varroa, you'll need to get medication.
If you use MAQS (Mite-Away Quick Strips), you'll need a treatment
rim (RP-1000).
========== HARVEST ================
- bee escape
Very optional, and used for only a few days a year, but can
make your honey harvest less terrifying by reducing the number of
bees left in the honey supers when you take them off. I use the
"triangle" type (BE-1220).
- bee brush
I use that especially at honey harvest time, when I have to get
*all* of the bees off the frames, and shaking the frame isn't
sufficient. I recommend having one. I think I have BA-1102;
there are a few models.
- uncapping fork (or electric knife)
If you do your own honey harvest, you'll need to uncap the frames
of capped honey. There are fancy options available, but I'm pretty
happy with a couple of plain uncapping forks (UF-1101 or UF-1300).
You can also use a bread knife from the kitchen.
- uncapping tank
Again, fancy is unnecessary. I use a plain plastic 5-gal bucket,
a fitted filter bag (FB-1100), and the "comb capper" (UT-1000).
- honey extractor
Expensive! Borrow mine.
- filters
Fancy filters are available, but for tiny operations like ours,
I just line a kitchen strainer with some strainer cloth (SC-1100).
- honey bucket with gate
You can get one ready made (GP-1100) or add a gate (e.g. HG-1100)
to an existing pail. Just make sure it's food-grade plastic (#2).
You can get #2 plastic pails more cheaply at Canadian Tire. :-)
========== WINTERIZING ============
- mouse guard
I used this for the first time this winter, and in addition to
the benefit of keeping mice out of the hive during the cold
temperatures (while the bees are clustered and cannot defend
their entrance), it forms a "porch" over the entrance, which I've
found handy in two ways: it keeps the insulation flap up and
improves ventilation, and it gives bees a place to drop dead bodies
when they can't leave the hive - I cleaned the dead bodies off the
porch a few times last winter, saving the bees some trouble, and
keeping the ventilation optimal. ER-1110.
- bubble wrap
If you want to insulate your hive for the winter, there are all
sorts of options; this is the one that Alvéole showed us, and
it seems to work fine, as well as being relatively inexpensive.
(BZ-3451)
- styrofoam top
Ditto. (BZ-3460)
- feeder
Assuming you feed in the Fall, the pail feeder (FE-1900) is probably
the most practical, though the "ultimate feeder" (FE-1090) is nice
too, for smaller quantities. I'd recommend the pail.
========== WEIRD STUFF ============
- slatted bottom board addition
- slatted super shim
- wire mesh tops/bottoms
All of the above is custom made stuff, built by Syl to my
specifications. The slatted bottom board is in use at other
sites; I took existing plans as inspiration for ours. The slatted
super shim is my invention, inspired by a super shim sold by
Dadant, and the concept of the slatted bottom board. The wire
mesh tops and bottoms are my invention as an improvement over
stapling wire mesh to the "empty" hive bodies for winter storage.
Beekeeping is great for the inventive do-it-yourselfer! I'll be
happy to show off our inventions, and comment on what has worked
well and what hasn't.
Propolis Etc has "beginner's kits"; I haven't costed out whether
they represent a savings from the individual parts, but they don't
give you the choice of Apinovar bottom board (my preference) or
plastic frames. You might want to calculate it.